What Are the Key Factors and Conditions That Influence the Formation of the Righteous Rule?
Throughout the centuries and in the context of both the bitter and sweet events of human history, the desire for global justice and the establishment of a government rooted in spirituality and human dignity has remained a central aspiration for believers and those awaiting the Promised One. Among these aspirations, the formation of the Noble Rule of the Righteous holds a special place in religious texts and studies on the Mahdi (the awaited Savior). This concept is somehow linked not only to the future of Shiism but also to the future of all of humanity. The importance of understanding the process of the formation of the righteous rule arises from the fact that a clear understanding of this path can transform our personal and societal perspectives and actions during the period of occultation. It can shift the state of passive waiting to a dynamic and impactful form of anticipation.
Now, what stages does the formation of the righteous rule go through, and what signs indicate its coming? What crises, cultural, social, and political transformations will make the world capable to have the Divine Proof? What role do people, elites, and, in general, the global community play in this process, and what responsibilities do the awaiting individuals have in preparing the situation for the formation of the righteous rule from a religious perspective? These are some of the practical concerns addressed in this article regarding the formation of the righteous rule.
Understanding the Historical Prerequisites and Necessities for the Formation of the Righteous Rule
The topic of the formation of the Noble Rule of the Righteous lies at the heart of the Shia concept of awaiting the Promised One. It represents humanity’s historical response to a long-standing thirst for justice and human dignity. However, this divine government is not just an ideal; it is the result of a set of serious historical and social conditions that systematically unfold as the time for the advent of the Savior approaches.
In analyzing the state of the world before the advent of Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him) and the process leading to the formation of the righteous rule, attention must be given to the absence of true justice, the spread of oppression, moral and spiritual crises, and the evident failures of past systems and governments. Despite superficial advancements in science and technology, human societies suffer from a profound spiritual void, anxiety, war, and insecurity. Even in the modern era, many people are thirsty for the fulfillment of a global promise to end discrimination, injustice, and violence. The collective failure of materialistic systems creates a fertile ground in the hearts and minds of the global community for embracing a divine and historical transformation. This atmosphere is a necessary prelude to the formation of the righteous rule.
However, the realization of this lofty ideal is contingent upon the fulfillment of special conditions, the greatest of which is the advent of Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him) and his global uprising. However, even the advent of Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him) is not possible without prior preparation or groundwork. The Imam faces serious practical and social obstacles that must be addressed. One of the primary challenges is the lack of sufficient, loyal companions to help advance the goals of the uprising and establish the righteous rule. According to narrations, Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him) will not begin his uprising until a group of insightful, faithful, and self-sacrificing companions is ready. This indicates that the formation of the righteous rule is not only dependent on the collapse of oppressive systems and the spiritual crisis of society but also directly linked to the moral, intellectual, and practical readiness of the awaiting individuals and the preparation of loyal and devoted grassroots.
On the other hand, the safety of the Imam’s life and the constant threat posed by his enemies are also among the most significant obstacles to the formation of the righteous rule. Throughout the centuries, the enemies of the Household of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon them) have always followed two primary strategies—conspiracy and threat—to eliminate the infallible Imams (Peace be upon them). Preserving the life of the Imam is a fundamental requirement for any transformative movement, and this cannot be achieved without the presence of a loyal force and social support.
Therefore, the formation of the righteous rule depends on the fulfillment of multiple layers of conditions: On the one hand, the world must reach a deadlock in intellectual and moral matters, along with the complete failure of governments, making it receptive to the need for a divine and alternative solution; and on the other hand, the advent and uprising of Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him) require a solid foundation of security, loyalty, collective support, and structural readiness among the companions and faithful people. This deep connection and these historical and practical necessities deepen our understanding of the process of forming the righteous rule and reveal that this monumental event is not just an isolated incident, but the realization of a series of strategic conditions and prerequisites.
Signs and Indicators of the Imminence of the Righteous Rule
Recognizing the signs and indicators of the approach of the righteous rule has always been a central theme in teachings related to the advent of Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him). This is because true believers, both for the purpose of maintaining hope and to ensure proper direction, give special attention to these signs.
In the narrations, dozens of signs are mentioned for the period approaching the advent of Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him), which leads to the formation of the righteous rule. Some of these signs are positive, while others are negative and warning in nature. Understanding and analyzing these signs is not merely an academic curiosity, but a way for today’s generation to prepare spiritually and socially so that they can play an active role in this process.
Positive Signs
In many narrations, positive transformations in the global community before the formation of the righteous rule are highlighted. These include the widespread growth of religious awareness and insight, a rising spiritual thirst across different social levels, and the continuation of human struggles for justice and the eradication of oppression. Other positive signs include the increasing readiness of certain segments of the global community to accept divine leadership and the emergence of progressive intellectual movements. While these movements may not be flawless, they signal that the world is undergoing a transformation toward embracing a fundamental shift.
Negative Signs
At the same time, many narrations describe social instability, moral decay, widespread corruption, and the escalation of oppression and insecurity as certain signs indicating the imminent approach of the righteous rule. These signs generally point to the worsening state of affairs and the loss of hope in materialistic governments and systems based on flawed collective reasoning. Narrations like those regarding the rise of the Sufyani [1], the spread of tribulations [2], public insecurity [3], and even regional and global economic and political crises [4], all suggest a period of trial and afflictions that serve as a foundation for the acceptance of a comprehensive transformation.
Social and Spiritual Transformation as a Prerequisite
The process of formation of the righteous rule begins when society, after experiencing crises, divisions, and the failures that arise from commonly accepted lifestyles, reaches a point of deep helplessness and dissatisfaction. The main sign of this transformation is not merely the increase in social problems, but the growing fatigue and disillusionment among people with existing solutions. This leads to a serious search for a correct, balanced, and divine way of life, to the extent that a large segment of society begins to demand true spirituality, dignity, and justice, while pursuing a return to authentic religious and human values.
In such a situation, society will be ready to enter a new phase—the formation of the righteous rule. This is because people will no longer be content with superficial changes and will seek real changes, aiming to conform the true essence of humanity and the purpose of creation. This shift in ideals and collective direction is the most important social sign of the approach of the righteous rule. Today’s world situation shows that humanity has become disillusioned with both old systems and ways of life, while also desiring to move toward a significant, divine reform.
Recognizing the Signs in Today’s Life
Studying these signs is not just about knowing the approximate time of the formation of the righteous rule, but rather the goal is to awaken the awaiting generation and prepare them mentally and socially to play an active role in this process. Waiting for advent of the Savior and formation of the righteous rule is full of action and reform, and it cannot be passive or merely focused on prayer.
Reflecting on the signs and indicators of the approach of the righteous rule is a way to rebuild hope, spark social awakening, and nurture a more active waiting generation. The realization of this great divine promise depends on the understanding and actions of the awaiting individuals, within the context of these signs and the transformations in the contemporary world.
Individual and Social Preparations for the Realization of the Noble Rule of the Righteous
The realization and establishment of the righteous rule is not simply the result of a sudden celestial event, but rather the outcome of a series of reforms and gradual growth on both individual and social levels, which create the conditions for accepting the advent of Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him). The following outlines the various dimensions of these preparations in more detail.
The Role of Personal Reform and Active Awaiting
Personal reform is not limited to spiritual self-development, but its practical reflection in social behaviors is also crucial. A true believer is someone who transforms hope for a better future into action. The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution has defined religion as “an optimistic understanding of the future and a set of guidelines for building a better future.” Based on this, true awaiting people must have an active and constructive approach to life.
Practical Example
The first step in the process of formation of the righteous rule is true self-improvement. Each individual must strive to elevate themselves intellectually, behaviorally, and spiritually to a level that is worthy and in harmony with the environment of the Noble Rule of the Righteous. A true believer is someone who does not only rely on prayer and hope but works to transform their lifestyle in line with the values of that divine government even before it is established. This means that they should actively implement the very traits that will be present in the righteous rule in their own lives. These actions must be so profound that individuals are spiritually and behaviorally prepared to be part of the Noble Rule of the Righteous and become among its righteous citizens. This is because the companions and citizens of that government, even before its official establishment, have already cultivated the necessary qualities and compatibility within themselves. In reality, a true active believer is someone who transforms their current life into a reflection of the government of the future, rather than merely waiting for its occurrence to hasten.
Knowing the Harms
Some people mistakenly believe that waiting means isolation and detachment from society, while narrations emphasize personal reform within society itself. This means that a waiting believer should lead an honorable and impactful life so that they can develop the capacity to participate in the Noble Rule of the Righteous.
The Role of Collective Reform and Social Preparedness
Collective reform and social preparedness are a shared responsibility and can be extended to institutions and social groups. One of the core elements in the formation of the righteous rule is the coordinated and purposeful movement of society toward ideal patterns of life based on divine instructions. A society that only focuses on superficial activities and does not integrate piety and human values into its daily interactions will not be prepared to accept and participate in the Noble Rule of the Righteous. In addition to individual reform, there must be a collective determination to change the social way of life. Values such as justice, honesty, cooperation, modesty, trustworthiness, human dignity, and compassion must be firmly established in all social spheres—from schools and families to economic and political institutions.
In fact, a society on the path to the formation of the righteous rule seeks to implement, in practice, what the infallible Imams (Peace be upon them) and the teachings of the Quran have outlined as the sound and correct path for humanity. This means that all layers of society must take responsibility for the moral health and dignity of one another, creating an environment that is conducive to the formation of the righteous rule. Without such a collective movement and the integration of divine values into the everyday lives of people, transforming into a society of the righteous will be impossible.
Knowing the Harms in the Process of the Formation of the Righteous Rule
The most significant obstacle to the formation of the righteous rule is humanity’s neglect of the true essence of their being and their disregard for the lofty purpose of creation. Many societies and individuals, due to a lack of self-knowledge and ignorance of their divine mission, devote themselves to goals and ideals other than those outlined by God for the bliss and well-being of humanity. As a result, their perspective on life becomes limited to mere survival and material comfort. This deviation from self-knowledge and the search for meaning of life is the greatest barrier to understanding the necessity of the righteous rule and accepting it.
In the path to the formation of the righteous rule, the first and most fundamental step is the collective return of humanity to their divine essence and the discovery of the purpose of life. Individuals must come to understand why they have been created, and what spiritual responsibilities they carry. They should know that their true happiness lies in following the path aligned with the teachings of the Infallibles (Peace be upon them), who invite humanity to reach their highest potential.
If the majority of society does not achieve this awareness and insight, all efforts to establish religious values, justice, and dignity will be ineffective or futile due to the lack of a foundational understanding. For this reason, in the framework of waiting (for Imam Mahdi), it is always emphasized that a true awaiter is someone who first knows themselves and searches for the divine purpose of creation, and then invites society to the same path so that the final conditions for the formation of the righteous rule can be fulfilled. This epistemic awakening must form the foundation of both individual and collective movement; otherwise, society will fall into confusion, meaninglessness, and superficiality, moving further away from creating a righteous and prepared society.
The Main Practical Stages in the Process of Formation of the Righteous Rule
The process of formation of the righteous rule is a multi-phase, gradual, and eventful process. It reaches its climax with the movement of Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him) and his select companions, continuing until the complete victory over the forces of falsehood. This historical and divine process is a precis of the divine customs in realizing the promise of the government of the righteous and the seekers of justice. The following sections explore each of these key stages in greater detail.
The Beginning of the Movement of Imam Mahdi (Peace Be Upon Him) and His Chosen Companions
The formation of the righteous rule begins with an inspiring and historical movement from Mecca. After Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him) completes the period of his occultation, a group of his special companions (313 individuals), who, according to narrations, are distinguished by their faith, ma’rifa, and righteous deeds take an oath of allegiance to him.
In this stage, the Imam, relying on the faith, piety, and merit of these companions, begins his global call, focusing on the values of justice, freedom, and the restoration of divine principles in human society. The companions of the Imam are not from a single tribe or region; rather, they represent the faithful and justice-seeking individuals from around the world. They are, in essence, practical examples of the ideal Mahdavi society.
A key point here is the spiritual and educational preparedness of these companions, which results from years of active waiting, self-purification, gaining ma’ifa, and striving for justice both individually and socially. This group forms the core of the Noble Rule of the Righteous and marks the practical beginning of the fulfillment of God’s promise.
The Rise and Fall of the Uprising: Notable and Symbolic Events
After the beginning of the uprising, the process of formation of the righteous rule is accompanied by a series of significant events. The most important of these events include:
-The Emergence of Sufyani: According to narrations, Sufyani is one of the chief enemies of the era of the advent of Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him). He rises from Syria (Sham) and becomes a serious challenge for the forces of truth. His army, through widespread violence and corruption, attempts to prevent the gathering of justice-seeking forces.
-Swallowing the Land of Bayda: When Sufyani’s army marches toward Mecca to confront the Imam, the earth splits open in a place called “Bayda” (located between Mecca and Medina), and most of his army is swallowed by the earth. This event is a divine sign of the falseness of the forces of oppression and a confirmation of the truthfulness of the uprising of Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him).
-Major Conflicts in Various Regions: The global uprising of Imam Mahdi is accompanied by resistance and fierce battles in areas such as Iraq and Sham (Syria), capturing the attention of people worldwide and distinguishing the forces of truth from the forces of falsehood. Many people, upon witnessing divine signs and miracles, will come to believe in the Imam and join his cause. However, some will persist in their obstinacy and oppose the truth.
-Support or Opposition on behalf of some Groups and Movements: Some committed and justice-seeking movements will join the Imam, while global powers of oppression and tyranny will attempt to deny and confront him. This part of the process is not just a set of isolated events but a test of faith for individuals, the potential of nations, and the manifestation of divine customs.
Final Victory Over the Enemies and the Destruction of the Forces of Oppression
After going through these difficult stages and facing the stubborn enemies of truth and justice, the Mahdavi society reaches its final point—the ultimate victory.
–Conquest of the Key Lands: Major Islamic cities are liberated from the control of the oppressors, and justice and security replace tyranny and chaos.
–Total Destruction of the Forces of Falsehood: Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him) and his companions, relying on divine aid and the unity of the Ummah, will bring about the destruction of the oppressive forces, particularly Sufyani and his followers.
–Establishment of a Just Government and Fulfillment of the Promised Ideals: At this stage, social justice, spirituality, dignity, and human worth reach their peak, and God’s final promise of the inheritance of the earth by the righteous is fulfilled.
In essence, at the end of this journey, the ultimate vision of the Noble Rule of the Righteous, a genuine, justice-centered, gracious, and human-building society, will unfold before the oppressed peoples of the world.
The Role of the People and the Global Community in Formation of the Righteous Rule
The process of formation of the righteous rule is not limited to the actions of Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him) and a select group of his companions. Rather, the widespread presence and active participation of people and nations—both within the Islamic Ummah and among the freedom-loving people of the world—play a vital role in realizing the Mahdavi ideals. In fact, the rise of the righteous rule sets the stage for a fundamental transformation in the global perspective on justice and spirituality. Step by step, through the screening and recruitment of true allies, the real face and true capacity of societies will be revealed.
The Stage of Recruitment and Screening of Allies
One of the key stages in the process of forming the righteous rule is the recruitment and filtering out the forces who will join the uprising of Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him). Narrations clearly state that true believers—those who are sincere in faith and action—will gradually be identified and recruited.
This recruitment is not merely physical; it is a test of faith and ma’rifa. Essentially, a large-scale human screening will take place, so that the most prepared and loyal individuals stand alongside the Imam. This process not only strengthens the forces of truth but also separates hypocrites and those who waver in their commitment from the course of justice, thus solidifying the foundation of the righteous rule.
The Role of Nations and the Free People of the World
According to the narrations and modern Mahdavi analyses, the role of nations goes beyond mere outward adherence. Many civilizations and nations will face serious identity and value challenges during the time of the advent, and they will reassess their stance on justice, spirituality, and truth. Some nations, particularly from the Islamic world, will eagerly join the Imam’s movement and become pioneers of a new civilization, while other groups, driven by racial prejudice, selfishness, or ignorance, will oppose the truth and clearly define their stance in relation to it.
In this context, the free people of the world and justice-seeking movements, regardless of their religion or race, will be drawn to the Imam’s call upon witnessing the signs of the truth of the advent. The global reach of the message of justice will become evident, as it transcends boundaries of faith and ethnicity. This diverse and transnational participation emphasizes that the formation of the righteous rule is not limited to a specific nation or geographical area, but rather represents a global call to revive authentic human values.
Global Shift in Perspective on Justice and Spirituality
The establishment and consolidation of the righteous rule will be accompanied by a profound transformation in the global perspective on justice, spirituality, and human dignity. The bitter experiences of materialistic governments, oppression, and the ideological crises of the contemporary age have created fertile ground for the acceptance of a new discourse. In this transformation, many people around the world, thirsty for authentic spirituality and true justice, will turn their minds and hearts toward the necessity of reviving divine values. As a result, humanity’s destiny will move towards its most inevitable stage: the formation of the righteous rule.
In this government, individual and collective ways of life will be redefined on the basis of justice, fairness, spirituality, and human dignity. A new rationality will influence the behavior and structure of societies. This shift in perspective will not be limited to the believers alone but will encompass the entire world, making the establishment of the promised divine society possible.
Place, Time, and the Official Declaration of the Noble Rule of the Righteous
One of the most significant and impactful elements in the process of the formation of the righteous rule is the manner in which the official announcement of this government will be made. Both the location and the timing of this declaration hold special significance in Islamic traditions and emphasize the global and divine nature of this event.
Historical and Central Locations for the Declaration of the Righteous Government
According to various narrations and historical evidence, the central point for the declaration of the beginning of Imam Mahdi’s (Peace be upon him) global uprising is the city of Mecca and the Kaaba. Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him) will announce his global mission from the vicinity of the House of God and the Holy Mosque (Masjid al-Haram). In the narrations, it is mentioned that the point of initiation of the movement will be between the Rukn (a corner of the Kaaba, known as Rukn al-Yamani) and Maqam (the place where Prophet Ibrahim stood while building the Kaaba), a very sacred and symbolic spot. This place signifies the connection between the Imam’s movement and the truth of monotheism, continuing the mission of the divine prophets.
In addition to Mecca, the cities of Kufa and the Sahlah Mosque hold a special significance. According to the narrations, Kufa, after its liberation and purification, will become the capital of the government of Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him) and the center of leadership for the new Islamic civilization. The Sahlah Mosque will serve as the residence and headquarters for the family of the Imam. This focus on sacred Islamic sites underscores the historical and spiritual importance of the formation of the righteous rule for the Islamic Ummah.
The Time of the Official Declaration and Its Signs
In the narrations, although the exact time of the advent and the official announcement of the government remain shrouded in secrecy and only Allah knows its precise timing, certain signs have been indicated for its commencement. The most significant of these signs include the emergence of the Sufyani, the celestial call, and the martyrdom of Nafas Zakiyyah (the pure soul) near the Kaaba. Following these events, and during the holy months of Ramadan or Dhu al-Hijjah, as mentioned in some narrations, Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him) will formally announce his divine movement.
This declaration will not only be a political event but also a truth that stems from divine customs in the history of humanity. On the appointed day, the Imam, with a powerful and divine voice, will address the world, introducing himself as the Proof of Allah (Hujjat Allah) and calling humanity to justice and dignity. This moment will mark the turning point in the formation of the righteous rule, as it will instantly direct the course of history toward the fulfillment of the promised ideal society.
Rituals, Ceremonies, and Official Signs of the Announcement
The official announcement of the government by Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him) will be accompanied by specific rituals and unique signs. Near Kaaba, the House of Allah, after performing prayer, while holding the special banner of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him and his family), Imam Mahdi will begin his call. Among the significant rituals of this moment will be the collective pledge of allegiance of his special companions (313 people). This pledge is referred to as Bai’at al-Ridwan, reminiscent of the historical pledges of allegiance from the early days of Islam.
Additionally, Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him) will deliver a historical sermon, inviting the people of the world to justice, piety, and a return to pure monotheistic values. During this period, divine and unseen signs will also occur, such as a global heavenly call, which everyone will hear in their own language, and the appearance of specific signs that will direct people’s hearts toward the truth.
All of these events will serve as the divine confirmation of the official and definitive formation of the righteous rule—a government that will bring the message of widespread justice, true spirituality, and human dignity to all of humanity.
Initial Consequences After the Formation of the Righteous Rule
After the fulfillment of Allah’s promise and the formation of the righteous rule under the leadership of Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him), humanity will witness significant and sweeping consequences that will be felt immediately, both at individual and social and international levels. This period will mark the beginning of a profound transformation in governance, social relations, and the main concerns of humanity, with a fundamental shift in the values and standards that govern people’s lives.
Universal Security and Stability
The first prominent consequence of the formation of the righteous rule will be the restoration of true security and peace across various societies. This security will not only be limited to the absence of wars or military conflicts, but will also manifest in inner peace, emotional stability, and social and ethical security. In this era, the roots of insecurity—such as fear, injustice, violations of rights, destructive conflicts, and lack of trust that troubled humanity before the advent—will quickly be replaced with affection, unity, and comfort.
Establishing Justice and Quelling Strife
Another important effect of the formation of the righteous rule will be the establishment of a universal and tangible justice in both individual and collective life. As stated in the narrations, Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him) will fill the earth with justice and fairness: “He will fill the earth with equity and justice as it was filled with oppression and tyranny.”
This transformation will lead to the eradication of oppression, discrimination, and any deviation from human and divine rights. Cities and lands will become sanctuaries of justice and fairness, and be cleansed of corruption, deceit, and the disingenuous manipulation that plagued the world before the advent.
Moreover, with the end of the tumult, chaos, and widespread deception that marked the period leading up to the advent, the social atmosphere will become transparent and healthy. The roots of corruption, hypocrisy, and divisive forces will wither due to the unwavering determination of the rule of the righteous, providing fertile ground for a healthy, ethical, and spiritually enriching life for all.
The Beginning of a New Era and Its Role on Strengthening the Noble Rule of the Righteous
This transitional phase marks the beginning of a new era in human history. During this time, the transformation of societal values and ideals will not only manifest on the surface but will deeply penetrate the hearts and minds of people. Hope, vitality, reconciliation, and mutual trust will replace skepticism and suspicion. Both the intellectual elites and the masses will have the opportunity to play a more meaningful role in the new social structure. Additionally, the values of nobility and generosity will become the standard for social and political interactions.
In truth, the initial decisive consequences of the formation of the righteous rule will lay the foundation for its rapid consolidation. People who experience the liberation from darkness and the sweet taste of justice and security will deepen their loyalty to Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him) and the goals of the divine government. This widespread support will strengthen the foundations of the government against both internal and external threats, accelerating the realization of the ideal and promised society.
The formation of the righteous rule is not merely a historical desire or a religious fantasy, but a comprehensive analysis of the real necessities, conditions, and requirements for humanity to overcome the moral and justice crises of the present age. The establishment of this divine government is not only the outcome of external transformations and the collapse of material powers but also the fruit of individual self-improvement, social cohesion, epistemic and ethical preparedness of the awaiting believers, and the active participation of generations that believe in real hope and collective responsibility.
Furthermore, the stages of recognizing the signs of the approach of the advent time, the screening of companions, individual and social reform, the official global announcement, and the immediate social consequences following the advent of Imam Mahdi (Peace be upon him) all indicate that the establishment of the righteous rule is a gradual, purposeful, and communal path requiring participation. This journey begins today with the actions and participation of awaiting individuals.
Ultimately, the key to the realization of the righteous rule lies in each individual and society recognizing their role in this grand human struggle. They must prepare themselves for entering the new era of the world and never forget the hope and historical responsibility that they carry. With God’s help, the dawn of justice and human dignity will be the near future of the world.
References
[1]. Muhammad bin Ibraheem bin Ja’far al-Katib, Kitab al-Ghayba: The Book of Occultation. Trans. Abdullah al-Shahin, Ansariyan Publications, p. 431.
[2]. Ibid, p. 320
[3]. Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi, The Promised Mahdi (English Translation of Bihar al-Anwar, vols. 51-52-53), trans. S.H. Rizvi (Ja’fari Propagation Centre), part 1, chapter 6, hadith 6.
[4]. Najmuddin Tabasi, An Overview of the Mahdi’s (‘atfs) Government. trans. Mansoor L. Limba, Ahlul Bayt World Assembly, pp. 28-31.
